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Management is the process of Planning, Organizing , Directing and Monitoring . Understanding management can also be seen from the three terms, namely :

1 . Management as a process

2 . Management as a human collectivity

3 . Management as a science and as an art

Management as a process. Understanding management can be seen as a process of understanding by:

1. Encyclopaedia of the social sciences, which is a process where the implementation of a particular purpose implemented and monitored.

2. Haiman, namely management functions to achieve a goal through the activities of others, overseeing efforts by individuals to achieve goals

3. Georgy R. Terry, that is how to achieve goals that have been determined in advance by the activities of others.

Management as a collectivity which is a collection of people working together to achieve a common goal. Collectivity or group of people is called the management, being the person responsible for the implementation of a purpose or activity management called the manager goes.

Management as a science and art. Why is it called so ? because the two can not be separated . Management as a science, because it has been studied for a long time, and have been organized into a theory. This is because in it describes the management of symptoms, these symptoms are then examined using the scientific method that is encapsulated in the principles embodied in the form of a theory.

Management as an art medium, here the view that in the work necessary to achieve a goal together with others, how well ordered the others to cooperate. By the very nature of human activity in general is set (managing) to set required an art here, how others need to work towards a common goal.

Of above definition, it can be concluded that the management is the coordination of all resources through the process of planning, organizing, labor determination, direction and supervision to achieve the goals set in advance.

A manager is required to have the ability to communicate his ideas in the organization and how to deliver its products or services to customers. There are 6 obstacles which may arise when managers communicate, namely:

a. Poor communication structure

Communication structures are essential factors, which determine the merits of business communication. Not important whether audience only one person or thousands of people and even in the middle of the noise environment, the message must be heard and understood.

b. Weak submission

Not be a problem, if the message is important or impressive. However, if delivered without "a strong touch", the result will not be able to convince others as expected. In addition, although it has been done "touch" that is right it is often still take a while to get a response. Thus, a strong message, do not be like the jokes are not funny. The message should be 'touched' by a strong and crushing, not just stroking or remind.

c. Wrong media usage

Need to consider who, from among which social status and or other unique characteristics of the targets we're after, so we can choose the right media. If the message delivered is very complex, give the space so audience can digest the message more freely, according to their speed.

d. Mixed messages

Mixed messages, will only lead to confusion or even ridicule from the audience. Such, the prohibition to give gifts to clients, but at the same time provide an exception for new clients or potential customers of the VIP on the company's business. Meanwhile, the criterion of potential clients or customers VIP is not clearly defined.

e. Wrong audience

The topic chosen should be relevant and appropriate to the audience expectations. For example, events such as the meeting between representatives of the Government and Employers, however, in a presentation on the situation analysis of politics and government, while the businessman, actually expecting an explanation of how the actions or concrete steps taken by the government to create a conducive business climate.

f. Interfered Environment

Interfered environment may ruins communication, so that the message cannot be received / heard optimally. Sounds like a render that is not quite audible to the audience, loud noise from outside the room, (like the wail of an ambulance siren or the sound of heavy traffic), sound of cell phone, interrupt, talk sessions were tense, and so on. Therefore, the right place selection and the effort to focus the audience with the message need to be done.

Business communication constraints may vary, however, with prudence and diligence, the majority will be able to overcome these constraints. Presentation delivered would be more meaningful with a minimized constraint, so that the message can provide the expected effect.

Along with the development of technology and information systems, communication evolved into a separate business. Development of information systems and technology accelerates the process of globalization, so the communication process occurs at any time without stopping and going at the same time in all parts of the world. Information easily and rapidly spread, almost without any hindrance.

Rapid technological development may cause people to communicate through a variety of media. Challenges ahead, managers need to know how to convey the message that the product or service being offered provides benefits to people of diverse cultures, backgrounds, and so on. The process of delivering a message or information can be done in one way, such as through electronic media or print media, or can also be made two-way (interactive) through the Internet.

If you know how to manage teamwork, then you will get the exceptional work. Effective teamwork will result in productivity, quality and loyalty above average. Here are some tips to build teamwork:

1. Focus
Describe your business organization plans to team members, and do follow-up on a regular basis. Follow-up is useful not only to know the progress of the work alone, but is also useful to remind them to stay focused on the goal.

2. Define the team member role

Define clearly the responsibility and role of each individual in the team. This is very important to ensure the team's success story. By defining the role of each member, then the members will not ask some question about what their duties are and how they work.

3. Set a goal

Team member should know of the objective work of other team members. By knowing others objective, then they will support each other and help each other.

4. Share information
Team leader shall share necessary information to support their work. That's why the morning briefing before performing office activities is an important thing to do. There must be no mistake communication or even difficulties in internal communication within the team, because it inhibits the work. Convey the required information as soon as possible.

5. Trust
Treat every member of the team with the same treatment. Build their trust in you and among themselves. Inviting dinner outside office hours or holding a small party at the weekend could build their trust in you.

6. Listen
Be open to new ideas and complaints from members of the team. Give them a chance to express their opinions in a meeting.

7. Be patient
When your team looks troubled and did not show significant results, then you have to be patient. Give it time and observe its progress. After knowing the problem, you must act quickly to fix it.

8. Support
Each team member must be challenged to contribute in anything. Encourage them to attend training when necessary. Give them a chance to get out for a moment from their duties for their personal activities.

Barack Obama is re-elected as President of the United States for the second time, even though Obama's winning percentage against the challenger, Republican Mitt Romney, is very thin. Based on the analysis of researchers and experts election, Obama won because of many factors, both in terms of policy and other matters, namely charisma.

One of Obama's victory is that he makes himself as a charismatic leader and has a high awareness of the people. For example, when Sandy storm hit some U.S. states, Obama deftly directly monitor the area and canceled his campaign schedule. I do not understand if this visit is also an opportunity to campaign for voters or not. But certainly, when a person or a society having some unfortunate, the presence of a leader can greatly help and soothing.

Similarly, in business. The presence of a leader in corporate events will help the confidence and raising employees motivation. For example, a store clerk meeting/gathering, the presence of the CEO and company owner can greatly enhance the employee working spirit. With the presence of top-level management, the employees feel they are cared for. This is very important and should be a major concern. When employees have felt cared, then the company can gain some very important benefits:

1. Employees will candidly reveal her laments about his personal life. From the results of this heart outpouring then the company can define policies concerning welfare.

2. The Company will obtain information about the operational constraints in an honest and transparent. From this information, the company will be able to make the new operational steps or improve the operational systems were deemed impaired.

3. Companies can obtain information on markets and consumer desires. From this information, the marketing strategy can be made not only by statistical figures and data from the reports of the mid-level manager, but directly based on information from the front line. I believe that the accuracy of the information from front-line employees will be better, because they reveal what they are ridden without any interest.

I believe that everyone has a style and leadership. Leadership is leadership that is intended to manage himself or also managing other people. Leadership is not only a science, but also leadership is an art. Every person has the character of each, and will be carried and reflected into the leadership style of the person. However, any form of leadership style, you will not be able to please all of the people you lead. Why is that?

Some time ago I got the assignment to be chairman of the committee of an activity. As a chairman, of course, I obliged and empowered in designing the concept of activities, budget costs, to mobilize colleagues. The task is the responsibility of me, I do the best possible and endeavored as much as possible in order to be accepted by all members of the team that I lead. I try to please all members of my team! But it was not, the policies and actions that I do not make everyone happy. The lack of pleasure is actually not the personal side, but to the policies and leadership.

Everyone has an opinion on what's good for him. Even may have their own interests. If interest or opinion is contrary to the policy or decisions we have made, this course will bring displeasure. If you are not happy this is just a moment, just based to a policy, it's not a big problem, because before long it will go away by itself, and the atmosphere will return to normal. But if this resentment leads to envy or resentment in person, then this will impact on the declining performance, collaboration, and communication. And this is a very bad thing and should be avoided.

Indeed, any policy will not make people agree or happy, but we as leaders must have the power of thought that far ahead. We should be able to determine what is best for us, the team, and the institution as a whole in the future, although sometimes the determination of the decision will make some of our colleagues become like us. However, it is better to sacrifice momentary displeasure than sacrifice our own future, the team, as well as institution. Here our leadership's actually tested. A leader does not need to feel wanted to be liked by everyone, because it would not be possible. Therefore, thinking about the future of the team, institutional, and personal reputation is an ideal thing to be done by a leader, even though our policy may be commented upon negatively by the team. But if our decision is correct, and believes that the team and the institution will be saved, we are only a matter of time for all team members understand and justify policies or decisions we have made. Once again, a leader will not be able to please everyone.

Creating experiences is the key word for services business. Today also, non-services company also focuses to create an experience. The customers experience obviously the source of the corporate body. As if the athletes who compete or interact with the opponent, if he is injured, is it possible he has optimal quality in the competition? The body consists of physical and emotional. If one is sick, then it is unlikely to be the optimum interaction. This is where the role of the body and emotions organizational restructuring. Restructuring means restructuring the organizational body functions, piece by piece, in the organization. Restructuring emotion is restructuring state temperatures can go up and down, then it needs to be maintained. The guards were leaders or leaders within the company. Too hot causes swelter, too cold causes ice.

Internal service quality is to make sure the temperature in the company's "comfortable". How could this happen? It is relation to the leadership. If there is a problem with the company-particularly those related to the issue of heat and cold of an employment relationship, the leader must know in advance and make an immediate adjustment. Why? Do not get the heat controls them. Your company must ensure that the heat is under control. Thus, the leader must serve as a leader, can form a new pleasurable experience.

Management is the process of planning, organization, delivery, and monitoring the efforts of organizations member and other resources to achieve organizational goals have that have been set. Management can also be defined as working with people to determine, interpret, and achieve organizational objectives through the implementation of the functions of the organization and leadership.

There are three main reasons why needs management, namely:

1. To achieve the goal

2. To maintain a balance between the objectives of the conflicting

3. To achieve efficiency and effectiveness

While management functions include:

Plan is needed to determine best procedures to achieve the objectives set.

Is the determination of resources and activities required to achieve organizational or corporate strategic goals. This concerns the necessary delegation of authority to individuals to carry out their duties. This function creates a formal structure where the work is assigned, shared, and coordinated.

Once a plan is created, an organization formed and so does the personnel, the next step is to confirm the employee to move toward a predetermined goal. The function of the actuating is to make the employees do what is desired by superiors, and they have to do it.

Supervision is the discovery and application of methods and equipment to ensure that the plan has been implemented in accordance with a predetermined. Controlling functions include:

- Determination of standards implementation

- Determination of the measures implementation

- Measurement of real implementation

- Taking corrective action which is required.

These functions should be carried out effectively and efficiently, and includes matters relating to legal aspects, ethics in practice, economic factors, restrictions and policies as a result of equipment, as well as a sense of responsibility.

To achieve this, then good leadership is needed. Good leadership should acomodate all interests of the organization without compromising the limitations, capabilities, and personal expectations of the individual in the organization. To that end, leadership should consider the aspect of communication, information, decision-making, and suggestions.

Briefing is the direction. Briefing should be given any time to employees and subordinates in business company or organization to disseminate the rules and policies that have been made. And this must being habit, as not easy to change habits that usually there is no briefing into existence. Many people underestimate the habit of a daily briefing, when in fact the briefing is very important and very vital to an acceptable information quickly. No need to be a matter of briefing material which is done every day, even if there is no material at least gathered together each morning or late afternoon. And if it is being habit, then if there is a critical information leader does not need hard to invite the meeting or gather employees. Even just from hanging out an idea usually will pop up unexpectedly.

In general briefing objectives are:

1. Provide guidance on the performance of subordinates in order to remain in accordance with the vision and mission of the organization.

2. Remind their subordinates in order to always apply the Standard Operational Procedure at work.

3. Convey information that is considered important.

4. Equalizing thoughts of the leadership to his subordinates, so that the subordinates in line and follow the leaders

In large companies, briefing done every morning before employees begin to work, and every afternoon or evening before going home. Morning briefing aims to discuss work plans and targets to be achieved on that day. Afternoon briefing was to evaluate the work and achievement of targets that have been done on that day.

Briefing conducted within the vary times depending on needs. It can be 10 minutes, or maybe even for one hour. Whether a long briefing material depends on the urgency factor to discussed. It should be remembered that the key of briefing is short, dense, and clear. Do not waste time discussing something that did not require much time. This goal is for the work to be done not delayed, and avoid the boredom of his subordinates who caused them to be lazy to follow the briefing on the days that followed. Use the effective language communication so that the messages conveyed were well received by subordinates.

There are several things that cause the briefing failed to do, which are:

1. Leaders and employees alike are not disciplined in implementing briefing.

2. Leaders too confident with his ability so she/he feel no need to do a briefing.

3. Leaders feel less confident and losing ideas / materials that will be presented in the briefing, so as to protect his/her distrust is eliminated the briefing.

4. Employee or subordinate considers the briefing is not important, and feel there is no benefit in following the briefing.

Then to avoid a briefing failed, things to do is :

1. Accustom briefing. This is the most important. At first implement a new system is very heavy, and also perhaps a lot of objections from subordinates. But if it is forced to do, then these habits will grow by itself. And in the end there will be a situation where a job will be less if there is no briefing.

2. At the time of the briefing, should be done with a relaxed yet attentive. No need to be formal and stiff in delivering the material. Just enough with the ordinary language and familial atmosphere. This is not only will closer to each other, but also state of the organization will become more alive and fun because the delivery of an ideas or complaints conducted openly.

3. Create an interesting briefing material and does not require a long time. Briefing material is not necessary at length, fairly important things only. This is to protect the boredom of their subordinates which ultimately is to be lazy to follow the briefing.

Those are some things about the briefing, and the importance of briefing in organizational life, both business organizations, governmental, or other. Do not underestimate a small thing, because it would result in fatal.Briefing is a small thing, but if not done, then the organization's activities will be hampered, because the necessary information and detail is not up to his subordinates. And it would be fatal!

Grid 5. In this case the manager has a medium of thought on production and on the people. He tried to create and build a moral people who work in organizations , and the production of an adequate level, not too flashy. He did not create the target is too high so it is difficult to achieve, and kindly encourage people to work better.

This fifth grids are very useful for knowing and recognizing the various styles of manager.

Leadership is a process by which leaders can influence subordinates / others, so that subordinates / others are willing to do what is desired by the them. Style of leadership means the way which used in influencing subordinates or other people.

Leadership is a process influenced by a leader or an example to his followers in an effort to achieve organizational goals. Leadership is important for every entrepreneur and person in managerial level. Natural way to learn leadership is to "do it in work" with practices like apprenticeship in a cinema experts, craftsmen, or practicioners. In this connection the expert is expected to provides teaching / instruction.

There are types of leadership, which is:

1. Instructive type

2. Consultative type

3. Participatory type

Kreiner stated that leadership is a process of influencing others in which a leaders lead of his men to voluntary participate to achieve organizational goals.

While Hersey added that leadership is an attempt to influence another individual or group. A leader must integrate its strengths, the authority-owned, personality traits and social skills to be able to influence the behavior of others.

Leaders who born with leadership qualities and not have to learn again. The main trait of a leader are genetically derived from his parents.

This theory states that leadership effectiveness depends on the character of its leader. The properties owned are, among others, personality, physical excellence, and social skills. According to Judith R. Gordon, leaders should have special Ability such as:

- Intellectual Ability

- Personal Maturity

- Education

- Socio-Economic Status

- Human Relations

- Intrinsic Motivation

- Encouragement to advance

Because limited forecasting through leadership trait, the researchers began to develop a concept for examining the behavior of leaders as a way to improve leadership effectiveness. The concept is switching from anyone who has a behavior leads to how to lead effectively. And these are the concept of leadership based one behavioral theory :

The research was conducted by Lewin, Lippit & White in 1930's. They proposed three types of leader behavior, namely that applying authoritarian leadership, democratic -which includes subordinate, and Laissez - Faire who handed power to his subordinates.

Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt introduced continnum of leadership that describes the distribution of power by leaders and subordinates. Continuum split 7 regions ranging from authoritarian to laissez - faire with a democratic in center point.

This concept addresses two orientations of leadership that is

- Task Oriented Leadership which is the behavior of leaders in the settlement of duties is assigned tasks, organize the implementation, monitoring and evaluating performance of subordinates as a result of implementation of the task.

- Employee Oriented Leadership, will be marked with the behavior of leaders who see important relationships with subordinates.

Discussion of this model was developed by industrial psychologists from Ohio State University and the University of Michigan. Ohio group revealed two dimensions of leadership, namely initiating structure-oriented in task, and consideration-oriented in human. While the Michigan group used the term job-centered and employee-centered.

This theory was introduced by Robert R. Blake and Jane Srygley Mouton with the adaptation and development of research data group Ohio and Michigan.

Blake & Mouton developed a matrix that focuses on the portrayal of five leadership styles correspond primarily to its location.

From the above theories can be concluded that behavioral theory has characteristics include:

- Leadership has at least two dimensions are more complex than its predecessor theory which is the genetic and trait theory.

- More flexible leadership style; leader can replace or modify the human orientation or task orientation as needed.

- The style of leadership is not gifted but can be studied

- None of the most correct style, leadership effectiveness depends on your needs and situation

The development of this theory is a refinement of the weaknesses of existing theories before. The main idea is contingency theory which is an effective leader will make the diagnosis of the situation, choose the style of effective leadership and apply appropriately.

Four-dimensional dynamic situation will inevitably impact on leadership.